It's nice to talk about being non-partisan, non-political, non-ideological, etc., but it's a lot easier said than done. One way might be to fund a series of huge prizes for the company that first achieves one of your goals.

I'd start with a couple billion to the first company to achieve sustainable low-cost access to low Earth orbit.

I'd also hand out lesser amounts to p+B11 fusion projects (EMC2 and there's another one I can't remember right now), to fund their research, with maybe $5B to the first to get a 1GW commercial plant on-line.