To give a concrete recommendation for a wifi adapter, look at Intel-based hardware. Intel stuff generally works out of the box because they contribute drivers to the Linux kernel directly. The ASUS PCe-AXE58BT is based on Intel's AX200 so should work out of the box on any modern Linux distro.
You basically never have to compile kernel modules anymore. Even if compilation is necessary, DKMS-based packages mean that the recompilation is done when you install your package updates, so you don't need to think about it.
It's the chipset that you would need to ensure compatibility with, unfortunately I can't find anything concrete on the actual chipset used, Intel only has 3 wifi 6E chipsets and as far as I can tell (from here https://venzux.com/intel-ax411-vs-ax211-vs-ax210-wi-fi-6e-mo...) they should all be compatible with Linux.
Also, if you use a modern distro instead of, say, gentoo, you don't have to compile anything yourself, there's packages and dkms available if you really have to go with broadcom. Do you not install drivers on Windows?
One extremely important aspect of Linux support is that once it happens, it stays there virtually forever: there's no such thing as declaring a product obsolete so that users are forced to migrate to the newer version. This applies to software too; WINE allows Linux users to run perfectly good Windows software that stopped working on native Windows ages ago forcing Windows users to shell out a lot of money.
In the end is the compromises you are willing to make. For development Linux is way better IMO, even gaming now really good with DXVK (Steam Proton)
I've used Linux desktop in the past and it looks like things haven't changed much. I don't like the idea of having to compile kernel modules just to get my machine to work (and then having to do it on each distro upgrade) - I have better things to do with my time.