It is likely that this problem can be fixed by changing (by a lot) your monitor gamma. Text anti-aliasing is typically performed on linear brightness space, then adapted to the typical gamma of a monitor for black on white text. Many font renderers show white on black text by doing a simple operation like "255-x". This does not give at all a correct anti-aliasing due to the non-linearity of the gamma, resulting in badly blurry fonts. You may try to mitigate this error by un-doing the bad gamma, at the price of losing some brightness and contrast.

as a counterpoint, this trigger me for natural language text but much less for code on an IDE, I don't know why but yeah prefers-color-scheme should be assumed as human rights in 2022