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Re:Python Language Summit: Python Without the GIL by ptx on Thursday May 12, 2022 @06:19AM (#31351763)
As some other commenters have mentioned, the GIL removal branch also makes some unrelated optimizations and the performance improvement comes from those rather than from the GIL removal itself, as I understand it.

From your link:

"Stripping out some of the GIL-removal related changes would result in even faster performance on the single-threaded pyperformance benchmark suite. [...] The resulting interpreter is about 9% faster than the no-GIL proof-of-concept (or ~19% faster than CPython 3.9.0a3). That 9% difference between the “nogil” interpreter and the stripped-down “nogil” interpreter can be thought of as the “cost” of the major GIL-removal changes."

So it seems removing the GIL has a negative impact on single-threaded code, with the version that has both the GIL and the unrelated optimizations being 9% faster.

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