For 1, there's some unfortunate but important semantics. Python does not enforce type _Hints_ at runtime, as Hints are in many ways fancy comments. But as pointed out, python is a strongly typed language (at least on the sliding scale of strong to weak), and types are known at runtime (call `print(type(var))` to see them). And calling `1 + 'a'` will result in a TypeError exception, unlike say JavaScript.

I believe this is the relavent passage in the article the GP is referencing, which is incorrect if you take "runtime" to mean something like when the line is executed: "Python is a dynamically typed language. By definition, you don’t know the real types of variables at runtime."

It _is_ however correct to say you don't know the real type _before_ runtime, at least python does not.