In definition 1:

> as by embezzlement

In definition 2:

> attributed to … volume of money and credit

We’d be able to conclude that “inflation is theft” from noting that inflation is driven by “printing money”, whether paper or credit, and that the benefits illicitly go to those in control of the financial system to the detriment of others — which the other poster would likely characterize as “embezzlement”.

So you proved that person right — at least to people who view the Federal Reserve and large banks as in a self interested cabal.

By embezzling the funds they print, eg giving special access to friends, they engage in theft towards society at large.

> from noting that inflation is driven by “printing money”

It's not. Or it can be, in the case of the linked article referencing Argentine hyperinflation. But what we're seeing right now isn't. The US government does not, as a rule, "print money" to create funds. That happens in the banking system. Like for example the government can sell a bond; existing holders of statically invested dollars (foreign governments who sold stuff here, say) give the federal government a bunch of cash in exchange for the promise of interest paid over time. Now the government spends that money (on a pandemic relief bill, say), putting it into circulation among a different demographic (poorer people and not money market investors) who do different things with it (buy consumer goods). Well, now demand for those consumer goods is higher than it would have been. If you're in a pandemic trying to keep the economy afloat, that's a good thing. But if you overshoot by a bit, then there's too much money for the goods available. Inflation! Despite no money having been created; it just changed hands.

Now do the same thing for a supply shock: if manufacturers scale back production (due to a pandemic) and then can't scale it back up fast enough (chip shortage!) then prices... go up! Inflation again!

Likewise trade goods can create supply shocks too. Maybe some product (Russian petroleum) can't be obtained anymore. Less fuel to go around, but all the existing consumers have the same requirements and start bidding against each other for it. Yup, inflation!

People who repeat this "bitcoin can't inflate because mining" idea are selling you a line, basically. And the proof is, in fact, that crypto has been basically flat vs. traditional currencies at this very moment where we're seeing global inflation. If you could ever see this effect, this would be the time to measure it. And it's not there.

High inflation usually goes hand-in-hand with some degree of corruption that immensely benefits the connected and powerful.

In Venezuela the government implemented exchange rates controls which were much more favorable then market based rates. Those with privilege and connections could purchase dollars at the official rate and then sell them at market rates at 10x what they paid for them. By this method an immense measure of the nations wealth could be expropriated.

Commodities can be siphoned from producers with price controls and then liquidated at market rates. Eventually asset owners can be forced to sell when they can’t produce what is demanded at below market prices.

Those that are close to decision makers can front run markets as the everything degenerates into a command economy.

While not all inflation is theft inflation can facilitate theft on an epic scale. At some point all economic and political power shifts to those that benefit from inflation and it becomes politically impossible to “fix” inflation as power derived from it.

High inflation hurts, proportionally, higher net worth individuals more than low net worth individuals.

Inflation benefits debtors while it penalizes savers but the poorest segment of society is neither savers (as they have no disposable income) or debtors (as nobody will lend to them) and are hurt the most from inflation.

A high net worth individual may lose expected future income due to inflation but someone that is poor may not eat today because of inflation.

Eventually when inflation gets bad enough and real rates are negative producers will simply sit on commodities rather then distribute them. Leaving the oil in the ground maybe a better looking term wealth preservation strategy then pumping and selling the oil.

I don’t disagree that it’s not, by definition, theft. It is, however, an obscured tax on savers, a transfer of wealth from lender to debtor. At least in the US inflation is the result of decoupling dollars from gold and the direct theft of gold and silver from the citizens by the government.

It’s a tax on people holding the currency not all savers. Hold stock, a different currency, copper, paintings etc and you avoid losing out to US inflation.

I’d consider equities and real property separate from savings.

That's the wrong way of looking at it, which is why you arrived at the wrong conclusion.

Savings is explicitly idle money. Illiquid holdings are very different from cash that can deployed immediately. You certainly don’t hold 100% property and by definition that unspent money is savings.

Savings can certainly be used to purchase securities, commodities, property, but then it’s no longer savings and is an investment.

Savings is not idle money. Savings is stored value. Currency is an intentionally lossy short-term store of value designed to incentivize allocation of capital into long-term savings vehicles like stocks, bonds and real estate that are productive and help the economy.

Idle cash hurts the economy. That's why even in a savings account, idle cash isn't idle, it's collateralizing loans. A savings account is more of a bond than it is currency. As such, in your model, money in a savings account is an investment - not savings. In your model the only thing that would qualify as savings would be literal dollar bills stuffed under your mattress.

Liquidity is a different axis.

And as for myself, I hold more than 100% of my net worth in assets, the cash in my bank account is borrowed against my asset portfolio.

This is also an extremely common position for anyone with a mortgage to be in.

Idle money is literally the definition of savings:

- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/savings.asp - https://www.wellsfargo.com/goals-investing/saving-vs-investi... - https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/saving

I agree that fiat is intentionally lossy. I also have no problem with the idea of my idle money being, in fact, borrowed out at no risk to myself (and at recent interest rates there wouldn’t be much difference between sticking it my cushions except for the insurance provided by holding in a bank). From the saver’s perspective, it’s idle.

If you are holding more than 100% of your total net worth in assets, the cash in your bank account isn’t yours, nor is anything else above that 100%. As a borrower inflation is a great way to take advantage of that position. I have mortgage debt for exactly the same reason. Mortgage debt, however, is typically net worth positive (except for 2008-2014), so I doubt most people with mortgages are leveraged higher than their net worth. In most cases market value of a house is greater than mortgage debt a few years after the loan is made.

Again, using your definition, savings must be limited to cash, physical cash, in a mattress. It cannot be even in a checking or a savings account as those are technically variable-coupon perpetual bonds. [1] CDs are bonds too. The only reason they're not listed as bonds is there is a carve-out in securities law that if they're issued by banks, they're exempt from registration. They're not really zero risk, because in theory, the FDIC could go under. They won't but for the purposes of our discussion, a bond or bond fund in a brokerage account is the same as a savings or checking account. So then why is one "savings" and one "investment?"

> From the saver’s perspective, it’s idle.

That's just a fun illusion, not a useful or meaningful distinction.

> If you are holding more than 100% of your total net worth in assets, the cash in your bank account isn’t yours, nor is anything else above that 100%.

Nope, it's mine - because the margin loan is collateralized by the contents of my portfolio. The cash that comes out is separate. Nobody has a claim on my cash but me - if there's a 90% drawdown across all markets my portfolio will be liquidated to cover, but the cash will remain mine.

According to investopedia the only real difference between savings and investments - as they view them - is liquidity, risk profile and time horizon. All of which you can achieve in a brokerage account by constructing your portfolio to meet your goals.

The thing is, saved currency will go down in value unless deployed because the point is to save your value. You can save your value in all sorts of ways, but currency ain't it. One keeps a small cash cushion in the event of emergencies, but you're paying a premium for that liquidity (inflation - interest).

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QgKM8MtbBQ

From your link: “income that is not spent on current consumption.”

Income is not limited to money, you can do something and be paid in physical goods. Either indirectly by being paid in them or directly by at making them ex: canning tomatoes you grew.

I agree with that. In that case savings would be the goods that remain unused or at least left in a condition that did not put their value at risk (e.g. eating the tomatoes). A properly canned food can be a great store of value for a decade or longer and is a hedge against inflation, however are suboptimal after a point due to their volume and mass. An entire pantry may be the equivalent value of one oz of gold, for example, though with more immediate utility.

You think in terms of money because that’s what your paid in, but for subsistence farmers who never deal in money it was the excess physical harvest etc.

Where investments differ is the possibility of returns above what was saved. A pound of gold is still going to be a pound of gold in 1,000 years, but land can provide rental income so you still have land but now you also have money or what or whatever.

What muddled the water is people used to have savings accounts that provided interest above inflation.

Let's assume 50% of the population is retired and has saved money. The other 50% is working full time. A deadly virus wiped out 50% of the working population. All products are now twice as expensive.

>. At least in the US inflation is the result of decoupling dollars from gold and the direct theft of gold and silver from the citizens by the government.

No, it is caused by ignoring the fact that labor cannot be stored. Gold is just a token, it is like an entry in a balance sheet but harder to forge. It doesn't actually store anything other than itself. You can't store labor by turning it into gold. Gold was already in the ground and was dug out by labor. There is no way to get that labor back. People age. They can't be stored like gold. The inherent mismatch between gold and people is what causes inflation. The only difference is that due to its limited supply gold then swings back to deflation and then inflation again but simply introducing a gold standard doesn't solve the inflation problem, it is the origin of the inflation problem. Fiat currency is just a stretched gold standard. They are still tokens, they are easier to forge and more importantly fiat money doesn't age either. So inflation must still happen as a consequence.

> It is, however, an obscured tax on savers, a transfer of wealth from borrowers to debtors.

By this logic aging is a tax on savers. Defaulting on debt is also a tax on savers. Savers deceiving themselves is a tax on savers.

Sure, gold can be used as a token to represent work, but it has utility beyond just that. The only way to inflate gold is by actual labor. Fiat is inflated by whim and has no value except as a store of work/time. Any hyper-inflationary story from the last 100 years makes it reasonably obvious how fiat can go to zero value while gold held from the same period has approximately the same value in trade (100oz of gold could buy you a car in 1950; 25oz of gold could do the same today, 400oz for a house vs 200 today, etc.).

The US literally stole gold from the population in 1933. A $20 bill was literally a certificate for an ounce of gold.

I’m not advocating a gold standard or any other monetary peg, just saying that removing a peg and moving to fiat is never in the benefit of those holding the fiat and always in the benefit of those printing.

I’m not sure I follow the last sentence. Inflation requires time, so sure, aging and holding fiat results in lost value. Borrowers are on the positive side of inflation, so except for the literal tax that may be incurred by debt forgiveness the repossession of property by the lender is approximately neutral. That’s really the point of fiat currency, the printer is the borrower of real property and the note is a promise of repayment, ultimately in real property, securities, or labor.

> a transfer of wealth from borrowers to debtors

What's the difference between a borrower and a debtor?

Sorry, s/borrower/lender

I think they meant that "a continuing rise in the general price level usually attributed to an increase in the volume of money and credit relative to available goods and services." is theft.