As someone who has bicycled most of my life in Scandinavia, neither pouring rain or -15 degrees are much of a problem. You are dressed for the weather and you soon don’t even think about it. The only reason that I stopped bicycling in the winters for a while was because the car drivers tend to become “bicycle blind” when it’s snow on the ground. I’ve had drivers stare right at me and then almost hitting me because they obviously didn’t understand what they saw (a bicycle in the middle of the winter).

I don’t understand why you think you need to bring 20 kg of stuff every day. That is what I carry for a several day camping trip.