Not true, look at Objective-C for an example of how it's done. Broken up into two methods, the first of which is a static method which creates an uninitialized instance, and the second which is a plain method which initializes the instance and returns self (or rarely, nil):
+ alloc // reserves memory and creates an instance
- init // initializes the instance
- initWithSomething: // can have multiple initsI go back and forth on whether I like this. On the one hand, the clean split makes it conceptually simple what's going on. On the other hand, you can have allocated, uninitialized code, which makes me uneasy.
You always chain together `alloc` / `init` calls, and so you're hardwired never to have a situation where you don't initialize something you've allocated. I think the compiler even knows to warn you about it, now.
>but you cannot make it one
Why not? It makes no difference whatsoever. Make it so that the only constructor in the system is Object.new(), and so everything else that inherits behaves just like a method.
>Without it: in var foo = Bar(), is Bar a type or a function?
That's easy. Make it so that only classes and consts can be capitalized.
Blammo!
I think the overhead of adding that 'new' is worth it. Without it: in var foo = Bar(), is Bar a type or a function? If you decide it should be colored like a type, your syntax colorer needs deeper information about the code, making it harder to write, slower, etc.