You US definitely has space based ELINT satellites and has been using them for a very long time. TRUMPET the ELINT satellite used in the 1990s has been declassified. I have no access to classified information but the US has been fighting a Global War of Terror (2003-2022+), in such a fight one would imagine rapidly geolocating satellite phones and mobile phone would be high on the wish list of US capabilities.

[0]: Trumpet (satellite) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet_(satellite)