One of the first games mentioned is Hnefatafl. According to Wikipedia, "The only variant of tafl where a relatively unambiguous ruleset has survived into modern times is tablut."

> Tablut starting position: lighter "Swedes" start in centre; darker "Muscovites" start at the board's edges. Based on Linnaeus' sketches reproduced in Smith (1811).

Oh those Muscovites! While the article focuses on strategic lessons, it seems that games are also a medium for passing down historical ones.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafl_games