Putin has both claimed that the Soviet Union was a name of Russia, and that Soviet leaders betrayed Russia by transferring Russian territory from Russia to Ukraine within the USSR.

(And that other Soviet leaders betrayed Russia by allowing the Soviet Union to fall.)

Putin’s propaganda justifications for his wars of aggression aren't particularly coherent, but I don't think they are intended to form a logical theory of history so much as a powerful emotional appeal that neither invites nor rewards intellectual analysis.