I fall flat on my face with actual math (algebra onwards).
Thankfully, despite the teachings, the engineering I do is heavier on mental math skills. Anything more advanced and we use tools to do it.
The key word is "compounding", surely.
For example, I think young children need a few good ways to be taught about managing and understanding very large numbers, about combinational explosion, precision and estimation; essential in today's world.
I think kids from about seven or eight should be taught things about tree structures (decision trees, classification trees, parts diagram enclosures) but also about fractals -- about measuring coastlines, etc.; perhaps even show them Cantor's Comb.
They could be shown the liquid-nitrogen potato experiment to help them understand power series in future.
I feel 2020 taught us that young people need to be taught about the rice-on-chessboard problem, about the Small World experiment, etc.
There are good few kid-friendly ways to teach concepts like this which compound in building understanding that current adults do not have.
Kids in the UK are already taught some quite innovative ways to estimate, multiply and divide; maths has changed a bit since I was a kid. But there's a long way to go.
Just to add when I mean fractals at 7 and 8, I don't mean the hard maths or the programming, for sure.
But some ways to imagine the context of the hard maths.
Like how to recognise fractals (or just self-similarity) in nature, or explore drawing some by hand, that is a really crucial thing that a seven or eight year old should be introduced to. Why are leaves like trees? Why is broccoli simpler than it looks? River deltas, snowflakes, you know...
Kids are shown lots of these things -- and they often notice self-similarity without prompting -- without being told that there is a unifying theory. The unifying theory is amazing in and of itself, and can be demonstrated with a Logo turtle.
(Which brings me onto another thing... where the heck are all the logo turtles)
There's a long and broad tradition in the UK of the "Christmas Lecture" now (started with the Royal Society which is televised; it's what a TED talk is, but better). All-ages family learning, made fun and accessible.