Webspam will seek to game whichever search company has dominant market share and they will structure their spam to overcome the filter and ranking specifics of that engine.
Considering tools like GPT-3, one could easily imagine in the limit, a spammer running a large number of searches through a search engine, finding out what ranks high, and the training a generative model on that dataset to produce similar articles. Auxiliary signals like inbound links and DNS records they can also usually work around by purchasing domains or buying inbound links.
It will always be a war and there is never going to be a victory over webspam. Even with something like web3 where posting content costs money I can imagine ways spam.
Imagine you're searching for vaccine information. GPT-3 generated spam provides pages that highly look like authentic NIH medical reports and expert opinion, only every piece of factual data was replaced with the spammer's product (let's say a competing Pharma vaccine that is less effective)
Search engines are not arbiters of truth, they can only approximate it via consensus knowledge, and if consensus is distorted by vast amount of spam, well, there's a problem.
Think of it like a blockchain ledger. If someone steals more than 50% of the hashing power, than all bets are off. Well if someone steals a non-trivial amount of a subject area with spam, than consensus algorithms break down, and the 'ledger' for that subject looks to be weighed towards the spammer.
The problem as I see it is Google has created a bunch of perverse incentives to make your page rank higher. One big problem is Google gives higher rank to "comprehensive" articles. On the one hand that would seem like a good thing right? But what you end up getting is endless affiliate articles that don't seem to be written for humans. And they are really easy to spot if you know what to look for.
A great example is webhosting reviews. Search "best web hosting" and click any of the 1st page results and you will almost always get an article that just rambles on and on and on with headings like: best web hosting for email, best web hosting for blogs, best web hosting for email marketing. To a human, it's an incredibly disorganized mess, but to Google's bots, its "highly comprehensive and authoritative".