In robotics specifically, understanding how methods like QR factorization work (and fail) is necessary to debug robot code, even if roboticists rarely have to implement QR factorization from scratch.

Take a look at GTSAM, a library used widely in robotics for mapping and localization. To read the intro tutorial for the library, you need to understand most of the topics listed in the OP repo:

https://gtsam.org/tutorials/intro.html

If anything, the Michigan course doesn't cover enough, since it's missing Lie theory, which is becoming standard in robotics code these days.