Of course, the delayed sticker shock is a problem.. I think Google cloud actually lets you create a budget that turns services off if they go over, so there's a solution here if you run a hobby project that you suspect might take off and cost you more than it's worth.
Hetzner has nice dedicated servers for €33/mo:
I'm on an older one that just got bumped up to €29/mo due to increasing electricity prices; it was €21/mo until now, and I can't blame them for that one. The specs are E3-1245 V2 / 16GB / 2x3T, there's over 45 vhosts on it across ~25 wwwroots plus other random services, and CPU usage is basically nothing. The cores are really there just to handle bursty stuff. Most random side projects and small websites don't need almost any resources on modern hardware.
Previously I was on a Scaleway Dedibox, which go as low as €15/mo right now. It was €10 at one point even.
But the ISPs I know do not bill $$$ if you use the max bandwidth (max bandwith they did advertize to you btw) for a sustained amount of time: they'll just start throttling you.
Anyway GP ain't asking about "cloud vs hosting at home" but about "cloud vs dedicated server(s)".
Cloud providers love it when people do this and are famously easy to talk to when you get an unexpected invoice high enough to require remortgaging your house to even begin addressing it, but I think unless you're working on a side hustle that inherently will need to run in the cloud regardless of scale or are experimenting with cloud technologies in an explicitly time boxed toy project, using cloud services is the financial equivalent of handing a hobbyist craftsperson one of these chainsaw angle grinder attachments that even professionals find hard to keep from bouncing into your body.
If you do want to use cloud services for anything you pay out of your own pocket, the first consideration should be cost management and monitoring. Your employer might have big enough pockets to shrug off a runaway compute instance you forgot about for a month, but that can quickly translate into money that can be anything from inconvenient to life altering if it comes out of your personal budget.
Or just stick with the free tier and make sure everything simply shuts down if you run out. Sure, a "bandwidth exceeded" error page might not get you as many upvotes on HN, Reddit or social media, but it also won't impair your finances.