This was around 1995-7, so 9/11 had zero infuence on the origin of this idea, although it likely helped provide justification for it.
That said, I find it mildly interesting that it took at least two decades to even begin to roll out from serious discussions in the corridors of power to actual changes affecting the drivers and voters.
> Congress wanted to pretend in front of the voters and the public that they were making it difficult ...
Then it makes sense
Why do you assume that this debt went to the poor? There is quite a bit of evidence of welfare for the wealthy and large companies.
> the countless duplicative entitlement programs subsidizing food, health care, housing, schooling, etc.
Any figure for this? No mention of the stupidly large military spending or tax breaks?
IOW, the US legislature is responsive to people and especially poor people only 5-20% of the time.
Poor people are excluded via apathy not malice