My understanding of this is that the connectome itself wouldn't be sufficient to simulate human thinking.

If I understand correctly the connectome would basically be a map of each neuron to its connections, somewhat like a wiring diagram. However, I've heard that it's more realistic to regard each neuron as being more like a computer rather than a wire. Neurons have a lot of state to be accounted for, for example methylated groups controlling the expression of DNA and the resulting amounts and types of various receptors which would influence their control.

Seems we can't yet simulate a 302 neuron worm brain (C. elegans) despite having its connectome, so not correct. https://wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWorm

Do all of these worms use exactly 302 neurons for locomotion? Or is 302 just the number found in a specific worm that was disected?

Specifically 302. Each worm has the same brain, down to the cell.

pretty much everything. Connectome != functional understanding of the brain. We have had c elegans ( worm) and more recently fly connectomes for years. we are still struggling to understand basic logic encodings in those animal models. Imho we lack a foundational understanding of the logic encoding mechanisms in the brain. Many neuroscientists/ computer scientists are working on this problem, but to my knowledge we are still not there.

There are interactions that the wiring diagram doesn't account for.

For example, some neurons release "neuromodulators" that diffuse beyond their immediate synaptic partners. Electric fields produced by a fiber bundle can affect activity in neighboring neurons.

Inside the cell, there are all kinds of processes on short (millisecond) and long (day) timescales that alter how the same neuron responds to identical stimuli.

Photographing a bird doesn’t automatically tell you how to fly. It does give you some hints though.