Google can take the $5 from the Airlines and laugh all the way to the bank.
If the airline refuses to pay and google doesn't display their flights then their results are incomplete.
The airlines will probably understand that google wants to be able to list their flights and will negotiate harder because of it.
Possibly... However sites like hipmunk will be used as a comparison in so many press articles and blog posts when google starts pushing this.
Many start ups have won against google. Google Notepad & Evernote, Google Wave & Twitter, Google Ride Finder & Uber etc...
.. but I still wouldn't want to be in this space right now.
Most people aren't going to be interested in replacing something that works with something that sometimes works. Google might have a great flight search engine, but if I have to use Orbitz 30% of the time, I'll just use Orbitz. I already have an account set up there, and I can actually buy the ticket instead of having to find the flight, go to the airline web site, and search the flight again to buy it.
In a few weeks/months Google will be featuring this search result when you type "nyc to sfo" and take a big bite out of orbitz, kayak, and whoever's lunch that's in this space.
EDIT: The counterargument to this, is that orbitz, kayak, and friends are some of the heaviest purchasers of PPC ads. So Google be at risk of cannibalizing if they push this too hard.