I'm pretty sure that they can't do it without your consent (and cooperation) - they at least have to verify your identity documents (name, address, DOB, etc), get a list of your addresses for the last five years, enter your driving license number, and probably other information too.

In NL the background check is very specific. If you've been convicted of drink-driving the record won't show up if the role is finance related due to the narrow scope.