Generally, in the payments space, the “merchant of record” is who the banks go to with chargebacks and disputes. I haven’t heard of this as an industry standard.

Large platforms where the customer thinks they are paying the platform, such as Lyft or Uber, take on the chargeback risk. Etsy, Shopify, and others where the customer is paying a vendor tend to pass on the fees to the vendor.

Ultimately, it’s up to the platform how they want to handle this. It’s most likely listed in the terms of service.