In my opinion, avoid ASN.1 if you can.

There's a reason why all the cool companies invented their own serialization formats: Google's Protobuf, Facebook's Thrift, etc.. even when ASN.1 had been an international standard for years: It's too complicated.

The big part of the reason is combination of NIH with bad reputation mostly related to X503 and such rather than anything else - hard to advocate for it when the main library you can point to is OpenSSL, and most commonly known encoding is DER (which has certain implementation complexity, effectively being sorted BER, which has certain important value in cryptography).

Both Protobuf and Thrift evolved from RPC systems that possibly started out too simple for ASN.1, combined with above issue where good tools were probably commercial and expensive (FWIW, my experience also suggests that Thrift is shitty rpc system, compared even to Sun/ONC RPC, but maybe things changed)

No. It mostly exists so that people who haven't tried to use it can tell other people that they should have used ASN.1.

ASN.1 is incredibly good for one use case: As a cautionary tale against design by committee.