What is the signal Harvard uses to test for intelligence or academic competence? So far I only have learned that SAT and ACT are not it. Whaat is?
There does not exist a meaningful test of general intelligence that outputs a number that is equally meaningful to people from all socioeconomic (or even cultural) backgrounds. Similarly, there does not exist a meaningful test of academic potential (aside from a student's existing academic record).
College entrance exams are a scam meant to make money for the people who manufacture them. I say this as someone who did pretty well on every standardized exam I took, and felt guilty because I knew students who performed worse and had fewer college prospects than I did because of it, even though I knew they were better students who would easily out-perform me at the more prestigious institutions to which I was admitted in most meaningful metrics.
College entrance exams do not test for intelligence or academic competence. They test for ability to do well on the exam, which is governed primarily by a student's socioeconomic status.