I've actually done this before with Ansible, but it still required a bootstrapping script. Basically it installs homebrew, then Ansbile, asks a few setup questions, clones a git repo with the rest of the setup process, and then kicks off the Ansible script. The dev environment has a lot of legacy stuff in it and has been grown over years so it's difficult to break it down into simpler pieces. It works surprisingly well in comparison to trying to do things manually or the old mixed manual/pure shell script approach.

That said, it's also surprisingly finicky. The scripts have to be regularly maintained or things keep changing out from under you and causing problems. Especially if you need to support more than one platform (i.e. macOs and a Linux say...).