It is both. The last time we had very free experimentation (read: disregard for human life and suffering) we got the Nazis, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, MKUltra, etc.. So institutions swung strongly in the opposite direction (the visible ones, at least), giving us Institutional Review Boards and such. The balance is impossible to get right either way, hence the need for Right to Try and so on.