> There is no good reason to think that they have, and this study does not at all contravene, or even call into question, the consensus on the causes of warming.

From the article:

> “Climate simulations generally do not reproduce this kind of warming in the Arctic Ocean, meaning there’s an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms driving Atlantification,” said Tommaso. “We rely on these simulations to project future climate change, but the lack of any signs of an early warming in the Arctic Ocean is a missing piece of the puzzle.”

I'd generally encourage people to be skeptical of everything, but I'd call this a really good reason to be skeptical.

It can just as well be an explanation why climate models have been pretty consistently under-estimating warming of time though.

Could be. If you're willing to admit that it might go the other way as well then I'm fine with being skeptical on either side (In fact I encourage it).

James Watt's first heat engine went online the same year as the American Revolutionary War. We might recall also that one of the uses of his machines was to keep coal mines from filling up with water (ie, increase coal production).

This has been going on for a long time, and steel production was a major factor long before Watt.