The system-wide shortcuts are a bit less discoverable but, they’re there if you know where to look: either search “keyboard shortcuts” in the os help system or go to system preferences > keyboard > shortcuts.
I'm not exactly a Windows fan, but (generally speaking) in a standard windowed program, just hitting alt focuses the menu. Windows is almost entirely navigable by keyboard by default, without a mouse. It's much more discoverable and efficient.... although that's been tanking since Win 95 :)
Also, if I use the Finder help menu to search "keyboard shortcuts", it gives me a local help article "Use macOS keyboard shortcuts". This article talks about a bunch of ways to find keyboard shortcuts and also links to this knowledge base article: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201236 (This is actually a sort of step backwards, from when I did exactly this around '07: at that point, the Mac Help system actually listed a bunch of handy keyboard shortcuts and didn't rely on online resources for them).
But of course the shortcut to jump to the search area is completely undiscoverable, as are many macOS features. You can see it if you go to preferences -> keyboard -> shortcuts -> app shortcuts. (And you can also reconfigure the shortcut key, or reconfigure any shortcut in any app. That feature I love)
Admittedly, these are non-techy folks. But they are daily Mac users. It's weird, like the OS discourages curiosity and experimentation.
And then there are those times when I stupidly assume things, like how it will surely be trivial to remote desktop from my laptop into a Mac while someone else is logged into a different account on the Mac. What a shit-show. My reaction: "are you f*cking kidding with how horrendous this is?" Mac owner: shrug.
Bah. Now I'm just getting narky. Rant over :)