Yes, this happens. My son could not take calculus in high school because he was mislabeled in 8th grade. The 8th-grade decision has had an impact on his college career.

The school system has as a track of classes leading up to calculus. A student can jump forward on the track by passing a test on the next class in the track.

Because there were other demands on my son's time, it was not practical for him to learn a year's worth of material outside of school time.