I don’t see Rust becoming mainstream in the enterprise layer anytime soon. 90% or enterprise software consists of a REST API getting JSON payloads and saving them in a DB. The most complex part is often managing the “bus factor”, rather than some technical challenge. You often need just a bit more than VB6.

Rust requires a higher cognitive cost than C# or Python, but doesn’t provide massive improvements in the areas most relevant to enterprise developers (ORMs, JSON serialization, SDKs, etc…)

All of the areas you mention as relevant to enterprise developers are things that require libraries written, potentially with APIs that lean less in the "high performance" and more on "easy to use/hard to misuse", not fundamental changes to the existing language or tooling. I personally think that the big surprise with Rust will be how flexible it can be, covering a wider range of use cases than it might look at first.

Any company that does try to work with Rust today in any vertical slightly outside of what is considered "mainstream" will likely end up having to write their own libraries for things that are already available in other languages, but that's a factor of the ecosystem's age.

Though dependency management is quite easy to manage in rust (as with many high level languages) whereas I would argue dependency management isn't as simple in C/C++ which should boost library consumption and creation.

I know depending on boost or qt might be really easy, but the amount of different toolsets you must know to depend on randomlib is too damn high. I wish though that it doesn't end up like npm, I also hope there'll be some kind of "meta standard library" which integrates different mainstream building block libraries into something that's easy to consume coherently.

I consider most web-services - certainly glue code - to be at the "application layer". Of course these definitions are always fuzzy.

Which isn't to say Rust is never the right choice for those, it's just a more complicated question that's highly project-specific. Which is why it isn't mainstream there like it is in other places.