Some recent news out of the commercial VPN universe... From a cryptographer professor at Johns Hopkins: https://twitter.com/matthew_d_green/status/14493567426896896... Kape, an Israeli 'adware' company that renamed itself to distance itself from its prior history as an adware company, recently bought up ExpressVPN and several other services and rebranded itself as a VPN services company. Kape also bought VPN ranking websites and juiced the rankings (into positions #1 and #2) for the VPN companies that it just bought: https://restoreprivacy.com/kape-technologies-owns-expressvpn... I suspect that Kape is probably a CryptoAG repeat - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto_AG - and is doing double duty for the US IC along with the Israelis, but it could be just a pure Israeli shop too.