Yeah I went from Java to JS and was surprised how much worse the code browsing experience is.
C is probably not as good as Java but I remember using Eclipse the first time with C for operating systems class, and being amazed with what a large codebase looks like and how easy it was to maneuver.
Intellij's webstorm does js pretty well - almost as well as their java offerings.
Having said that, VSCode these days are also pretty damn good.
I think you're also right that some languages make this harder for IDEs than others. C++ is probably a worst case. Something like Java is trivial because the file structure matches the namespaces. It's probably not a coincidence that every Java IDE I've used has absolutely top class code intelligence tools.