There’s no one “process” that companies follow. The OP describes a process but it’s one they initiated — sending out CVs and applying online and then waiting. Some employers probably have dysfunctional hiring processes, but you can find alternative routes that have better chances of success.

The alternatives have been understood for a long time. Look at What Color Is Your Parachute? by Bolles and Who’s Hiring Who? by Lathrop, for example. I haven’t applied for a job in decades but I have found continuous employment. I know plenty of other people in this business who do the same.

A person with little or no actual experience will find it difficult to get attention from employers, but that’s not a broken system nor is it specific to software dev jobs. There’s no shortage of inexperienced applicants, which is why they get little response from employers.

Anecdotally, when I listen to young inexperienced developers I think they have an inflated idea of their prospects and value in the software dev job market, which is something we programmers do to ourselves. I don’t know if the OP is new to the business or has years of experience, but someone with years of experience should have contacts and friends and connections to leverage.