HBase might be a good solution, too, but I don't know a whole lot about it. CouchDB would work fine but you'd want to add some operational automation and a proxy to roll over between temporary databases since deleting old logs from a single database won't fully reduce its size and, as stated above, compaction isn't terribly fun or fast but you can avoid it by just flat out deleting old log databases.
RRDTool is nice, but only for data where you don't mind losing records.
For straight logging, SQL is actually a better solution than a lot of those options. If you need weird queries, something like Elastic Search or Solr on top of your SQL DB can buy you quite a bit of freedom. As can denormalizing your SQL.
One other thing to consider of course, is something like syslog.