NHS doctors will typically have a significant part of their rota made up of 'long days'. The 'solution' is never 24/7, or less hyperbolic but still overly long hours, because there is a median decrease in cognitive function that renders additional benefit from fewer handovers moot.

But as regards 'overworking', while that is certainly true for many US residents in particular, I think the majority of people would be overworked on a surgeon's schedule. Yet reducing it significantly would probably be much worse for patients and decried by surgeons. My viewpoint is mostly informed by the British neurosurgeon Henry Marsh's opinion on working hours.