Exactly. It's become more or less a standard option in the UK, with most larger supermarkets even offering a wall of handheld scanners that clip onto your cart if you don't want to use your phone. Still strikes me as weird, but that's probably just me getting old.

Not sure how they deal with fraud.

When you scan the QR code at the end it will usually tell you just to pay, but sometimes it will ask you to wait for an attendant to check that you have scanned everything correctly.

Assuming everything was accurate, it then updates a ‘confidence’ score in the background for you - and if you always scan everything correctly the checks quickly become less frequent / almost non-existent. If you always scan everything wrong, the attendants will be asked to check it every time.

There is a sample system that every once in a while it ask an employee to check that you enter everything correctly.

I guess that if you repeatedly make conveniently expensive “mistakes” there will be repercussions, but never experienced any issue.

Even though, it happens that I made small mistakes.