Los Alamos County owns the electric, gas, water, and wastewater utilities. So they own the poles and have rights of way. I think we are in a better position in that regard than most communities. However, you may be correct that the pay scale is not adequate.

Even if you strung fiber to every home, you still need to get the internet to your area.

I looked at some major carriers maps, and it looks like you are going to need to trench at least 25-30 miles of fiber along 502 and 84 to reach the Zayo fiber running along 25 south of Santa Fe.

THe Nuclear Security Administration is in the process of laying a second fiber path to the lab up there, and while you have zero chance of piggy backing on a DoE fiber line the planning documents might be helpful in figuring out what is viable and what isn't. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2020/04/f74/final...

(Feel free to email me if you need further help, it is in my profile)

I'm sure you're aware of that, but just in case other people are reading: getting uplinks to well-connected places is the easy part. You just need a little money (think 1-3k€/km) and a few authorizations to use public utilities or cross private land here and there. Laying the local loop is the hardest, most expensive part of the project because there's a lot more cable to lay, and you usually have to gather a lot more authorizations from different people/orgs.

The average here in the US is $15,000 for 24 strand and $27,000 for burial per mile. However the area in question is full of historical areas and protected land that limits the fiber run to the most indirect path possible following a highway.

Wow, that's a lot of money. I must admit i don't know about commercial fiber deployment so these numbers blow my mind. But from what i saw for the costs in big french cities (where there are established underground networks to pass cables) and french countryside (where you just use a tractor to dig "for free" on the border of a peasant's field) that sounds very expensive.

To my knowledge, all french highways and major railways are also already populated with fiber so you can just rent some point-to-point transit there from established operators without having to lay your own.

Good luck with this project keep us updated

Factor in Indian Country. Not that simple.

Do you mean indigenous sovereign nation territories? Or Indian country as in India one of the most populated countries on Earth?

I assume the former because the conversation was about USA in the first place. It is my understanding that US industry and law enforcement has exactly 0 respect for peace treaties with indigenous nations and their territorial sovereignty, especially when it comes to extracting natural resources.

However, it's good if local communities care for respecting other people's lands. If your fiber needs to cross private property or indigenous reservations, i'd recommend having an honest discussion with their residents. Maybe some would actually like to have good connection as a public service (as the Rhizomatica project has been building mobile phone and internet infrastructure for some communities in another part of the world) but would be hostile to private for-profits ignoring their needs.

I think there is something called REDInet that runs up 84 to Taos. And I've heard that Los Alamos County has some kind of in with that new path. Also, I think Comcast and others piggy back on the existing link that DOE uses. Finally, I want the County to hire someone to stay on top of such issues.

Not sure the chance is zero. Since Los Alamos is a company town, you might be able to convince NNSA that it's in their best interest to create a community network for LANL enployees. Jill Hruby (who runs NNSA) is a reasonable person and she's from New Mexico. Can't hurt to ask.

Asking for help from NNSA is exactly the kind of thing I hope the broadband manager will do. We need to find and hire the broadband manager first.

If the county owns the poles and last mile electrical grid you should be looking at some of the fiber networks run by county sized PUDs in eastern WA as an example. Go visit some.

You could also just relax your requirements. You need a great convincer. You need a technical person. There is no strict requirement they have to be the same person though. What you have here is two jobs mashed into one job req.

My reflex is to approach a problem/issue from a technical perspective. However, you are correct, we need political and managerial perspectives. I am not in charge, I am only a citizen advocate, but I will advocate for something like what you suggest.

> However, you may be correct that the pay scale is not adequate.

It depends on the cost of life in your area. Here in western europe, 140k€/year is almost unheard of for a public servant (except for a few specific, very corrupt branches of public service).

But i believe having a single person responsible for both the infrastructure and the human networking/sales is a dead end. As long as you have support from other local public utilities a less-skilled "liaison officer" (with some understanding of the technical issues) could be a separate job, or even integrated into another job posting (eg. infrastructure commission).

The hardest part for starting a local ISP is getting permission to use infrastructure to lay fiber and put antennas. If you have cooperation from local public services, you're already 80% of the way and the rest is just throwing a little money at public servant who are convinced about public service and the utility of public infrastructure.

If you just employ any commercial sysadmin, you'll get the same problems all commercial ISPs face: an inadequate network disconnected from the actual needs of the people below. Network architecture should be achieved with consent and feedback from the local communities. For example that's what the Scani.fr cooperative has been doing here in France in partnership with local city halls and smaller communities.

One thing to keep in mind is an architecture for a public service is pretty different from an architecture for a private commercial project. Commercial ISPs optimize for selling as many subscriptions as possible, making it artificially harder/crappier to share connections. When you're running a public project, you're trying to break even (plus save some money for hardware renewal and future investments), but trying to make profits is antithetical to your goals. Here's a few pieces of advice, feel free to take or ignore:

- router freedom: you should enable all clients to run their own hardware if they wish

- ouf-of-the-box router acquisition: for clients who don't understand (and don't want to) network settings, still have a commercial "box" offering for 2€/mo or paying the hardware cost upfront

- public IPs and reverse DNS: since some of your clients will want to selfhost their infra, you need (free or really cheap) options for that

- your routers should support multiple multiple client connections on a single uplink, so that people in more remote communities who share uplink (eg. wireless over >10km) can still benefit from advanced features ; as much as a i despise legal responsibility for the person on the lease, this enables people to share their connections without becoming liable for what other people do with it (not sure if that's a concern in USA, but definitely a concern in France)

- you should setup a "public access" program so that local cities/communities can request shared internet access for librairies and other public places; setting up public wifi networks is a "hard" problem for them and contractors ask for crazy amounts (dozens of thousands of euros for just a few access points)

- your network should serve as educational tool: partner with local associations, high schools, universities and companies so you can take trainees to learn all about network infrastructure... Internet is a public good but lack of access to infra/knowledge is often a barrier to get people to maintain that infrastructure

- two kinds of people may be very interested in early access to your network: people who don't have broadband yet in their communities (because commercial ISPs can't bother to serve them), and organizations with broadband but bad service (usually due to bad routers, or lack of advanced network features) ; the former is easy to get connected for cheap using wireless links (given permissions to lay antennas on high points), while the latter has more money upfront to develop your fiber local loop, which in turn helps develop the network to reach more users elsewhere

- human proximity/support is the most important part of public service, no matter how wrong things can go, having actual humans facing you to tell you all about what went wrong and how they're fixing it is very valuable... commercial ISPs are well known to crap on their customers, local communities and regulators. if you plan to open a public service internet access, there should be 7/7 support (not 24/24, except maybe if some commercial clients are willing to pay big bucks for that) and an actual physical location you can visit in person in case your phone service is down, or you need to bring damaged equipment, or you'd like an actual human being to face you to answer your questions

- social justice is an important part of public service: there should not be a huge wage gap between the different workers ; ideally, there would be equal pay for all, but that can be a tough sell to your local government (who can sometimes be as corrupt and greedy as national governments) ; in any case, noone should have more than twice the pay of the lowest-paid workers (including cleaning staff), because that's good for morale and cohesion of the team reducing competition and envy and fostering cooperation for the benefit of the entire project ; support staff in particular should have technical background/formation (unlike commercial ISP support staff who doesn't know shit and just gets in the way) and decent working conditions, they are the primary interface between the service and the customers, and having happy/knowledgeable support staff is one of the top criteria to ensure happy clients and good service

There would be plenty more to say about economical models and political concerns, but i think that's already a lot to go through. Good luck with your project, it's a pretty cool one! And don't forget to partner with local non-profits/coops/schools, they can be an invaluable source of insight/feedback into how to do things well given a local context.

I was surprised (and mostly shocked) by the ISP oligopoly in the US. When I heard that it killed Google Fiber and even such a money giant as Google can't properly fight it, I finally understood how bad it is.

It there any perspectives of game-changing in that field? And what can be done to change it?

I'm genuinely curious about it.

It’s pretty much got to be regulatory changes. The regulations we have currently are what makes it legal to exclude competitors.

Broadband is a natural monopoly. Most natural monopolies are either owned by the government or regulated. At the national level government in the US has failed with respect to broadband. I hope we can address that failure locally by building a government owned broadband utility.

> When I heard that it killed Google Fiber and even such a money giant as Google can't properly fight it, I finally understood how bad it is.

The thing is, Google refused to pay bribes. Had they spent to the tune of a couple million in "campaign donations", the opposition would have collapsed.