While I do agree, then you don't have to run Selenium tests on your PC, but let it be done by e.g ci/cd

Also depends how many pages do you want to test with Selenium - if you want to test e.g 5 pages, then it'll be fast enough I guess.

There are a few tricks/configurations that make Selenium significantly faster - https://stackoverflow.com/a/57720610

A lot of is also on how do you write your "testing infrastructure" - maybe you could reuse engine/browser instance? execute tests parallelly?

There's also alternative to Selenium by Microsoft: https://github.com/microsoft/playwright

AFAIK it's way more reliable than Selenium (false errors)

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Overall you can still start application inside tests with different startup, without Selenium and send http requests, so you'll have end-to-end tests done fast.

Relying on CI server to run tests is even slower :) Note I am not stating "don't use CI" as that is still an invaluable tool.

The waste I am referring to is time it takes to get that feedback whilst the work is being actively developed.

A simple feature of a controller (to borrow someone else's example) is to change the response based on an attribute's configuration. It is wholly astonishing that one needs a _web-server_ to test that.