Everything in Coalton is statically typed. The boundary happens at the "COALTON:LISP" operator, which lets the programmer drop into dynamically typed Common Lisp to perform a computation. (This is how a lot of the standard library is implemented.) If you decide to drop into Lisp with the COALTON:LISP operator, then it's on you to supply a correct type annotation for that Lisp code. (This type will be checked at run-time.) So there's certainly room for human mistakes with types.

However, if you're really scared, you can do

    (declaim (optimize (speed 0) (safety 3)))

and really precise run-time type assertions will be inserted into the code.