Enron is a particularly interesting case, because the filings and statements were all truthful, but almost nobody ever read them. They also had one or two good businesses, but were dragged down by liabilities from the others, so it wasn’t a total fraud. That said, I do think the Enron CFO was guilty of criminal fraud, though I think Lay and Skilling should have only been held civilly liable.

Can it? Say I design a bridge, it falls down and kills people, and does a large amount of economic damage in the process (maybe it falls on a chemical factory which explodes, or something). I'm fired, sure. I probably never work as an engineer again. I'm very unpopular, and my name becomes an insult. But do I go to jail?

And I very much doubt many drunk drivers end up in jail. AFAIK they are not even prosecuted for manslaughter or murder if they kill.

If that starts a market rout, or bank collapses, that sucks, but it's still not a crime

If that leads to the collapse of the US dollar, it's a catastrophe, but it's still not a crime.

US policymakers are responsible for the stability of the US economic system. CEOs are responsible for their own companies. Congress calling for CEOs to be put in jail is in large part simply trying to deflect from the fact that they are not doing their own jobs, and are simply trying to offload responsibility for US economic policy onto the private sector.

There's a guy in the US Senate who used to be CEO of a healthcare company until he was forced out by the board, and the company had to pay out billions in settlements and fines for defrauding medicare. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Scott#Columbia/HCA

I agree with you that many in legislative and executive positions are negligent and or corrupt, but let's not pretend that the private sector doesn't aggressively lobby for its own financial interests or that it is populated by angels brought down by wicked politicians.