In Finland there is a government agency called Kielitoimisto ("Language bureau"), which has as its mission to keep the language pure from foreign influences. They've recently tuned it down, but I remember a lot of proposals from them in the 90s similar to the ones you listed

Comparably, the French have L'Académie Française. Stuffed to the roof with curmudgeons who reject all foreign influences -- even from other Francophonic countries.

There's cases where Swiss French (counting), Quebecois French (conjugation of many verbs) etc is more logical or more consistent, but the changes are rejected as foreign by the Académie.

le weekend, le sandwich, un parking, un smoking ...

Yes, loanwords too.

In France the equivalent is the Académie française. So in French a computer is an Ordinateur, whereas in a lot of other languages it's derived from the English word. A few random examples: German: Computer. Spanish: Computadora. Scots Gaelic: Coimpiutair.

Edit: Oops Jacques beat me too it.

Actually, in European Spanish, "Ordenador" is way more common than "Computadora" (as an example, the former has 5 million results on Google for .es sites, while the latter has only just over 270k).

Well, modern Hebrew is still like that, to a large extent.