https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/technologyinvesting/nvidia-i...
It's a very similar story for Intel. NVIDIA and Intel are selling hardware because of their software portfolio. How many GPUs would NVIDIA sell in the HPC market if it wasn't for CUDA and the various support libraries around it?
Intel's non-client solution revenue was over 40% of their total revenue in 2020. This includes their (software-) AI solutions, applications, licence business and services. So Intel, too makes a significant amount of money from software and services around their software ecosystem.
We don't have to hypothesize about this. The HPC GPU market has multiple vendors, just look at how many HPC GPUs AMD or Intel are selling: AMD and Intel have ~0.8% or so market share. NVIDIA has >99%.
Pretty much every review of HPC GPUs states that AMD GPUs are both faster and cheaper.
So how come they don't sell?
The answer is software.
I don't think that's such a great example in this context.
Qualcomm, Mediatek, etc. are hardware vendors after all. Software to them is a necessary evil, not a reason d'être or complementary tool (as it is for NVIDIA and Intel). Their customers fall in the same category - smartphone manufacturers want to sell units, not keep software up-to-date.