If you need the ability to remove entries, then I would consider the counting Bloom filter (which is simpler, but needs more space), and the cuckoo filter. But you do need to be a bit careful as both can overflow if you are unlucky, or if you add too many entries. In which case you would have to re-build them. So better be prepared for this case, or prevent overflowing the filters by using a cascade of filters.

Some clever cache implementations internally use special kinds of Bloom filters, e.g. the Caffeine cache (Java) uses TinyLFU, which "builds upon Bloom filter theory" (from the abstract of the paper): https://github.com/ben-manes/caffeine and https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.00727.pdf