Ken Liu has some excellent short stories. His collection The Paper Menagerie from a few years ago was particularly great. (The titular short story won a Hugo.) He also translated the first and third books in the Three-Body Problem series.

Ted Chiang is another great SF short story writer.

Definitely Maybe by the Strugatsky brother is excellent – though it was published in the 70s so maybe not "modern."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitely_Maybe_(novel)