[1] seems to imply it is context dependent. China is shown to be an insourcer of emissions while the trend of many Western countries (except some Nordic ones) is outsourcing emissions.

“Taken as a collective, developed countries are found to be outsourcing emissions to developed economies; however, this is largely due to the U.S. and China”

[1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S146290111...