...until you accidentally pass the ClientsTable object to the delete_supplier() function, which expects a Supplier object. Unfortunately, the delete_supplier() function calls the delete() function of the passed object, which is helpfully provided by ClientsTable. Bummer. Eh, just restore it from backups, right?
No, it won't prevent every conceivable bug or error, but nobody claimed it does. Automatically ruling out a large class of bugs at compile-time is still very valuable. Don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
The closest I would ever have gotten to the above scenario would be the time when I wrote an array of function pointers to be called in a parallel process. A bit of rather complex C code, and if I recall a bunch of void pointers.
If you intend to provide examples or bugs being caught with type checking, it would be useful if those examples actually occurred and were caught by the type checking.
If the code only expect the interface of an URL, the type of the object being sent in is irrelevant, and thus the programmer do not need to think about the type. Instead we are thinking about interfaces.
Programming in a dynamic language do allow a programmer to not think about types, but they do need to think about interfaces. Programming in a static language require the programmer to think about types, but they also need to think about interfaces. Having types does not eliminate the obligations to think about interfaces regardless of programming style.
If we want to use TypeScript as an example, a type is a data type of either Any Type, Built-In Type, and User-Defined Type. The Type System in TypeScript is responsible for checking the data type of any value taken before it can be provided as an input to the program.
Interface in TypeScript: An Interface in TypeScript is a syntactical obligation that all entities must follow. It can only contain the declaration of the members and is responsible for defining the properties, methods, and events. In a way, it is responsible for defining a standard structure that the derived classes will have to follow.
(above taken from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-the-difference-between...)
Is a type, as defined above, required for all programming? No. Interfaces? Yes. Interfaces are also more similar to customer requirements in that they define behavior. Do the object has an absolute path method. Do it has an UUID property. Can it be used to call open on. Those questions are not type questions, and so I do not think about type when answering them.