My personal hypothesis (if I may) is that programming is hard for a majority (>50%) of people. It starts with reading: Reading comprehension is hard for many people. And reading code is way harder than reading text, which means programming can only be easy for those who read well. And that's just the start. You also have to have a sense of logical thinking and finding solutions. Many people have trouble with that as well. So just from these two aspects (reading + logical thinking) I'd already say that programming is indeed hard. At least if we use the general population as reference.
Is like having to learn everything about how a lego brick is built (from the materials used, to the production processes used in the factories, to the composition of the houses where lego bricks are used) before being able to play with them. Everyone (aside from an very motivated subset of people) would find Legos "Hard" in that context.
Having to memorize a myriad of arcane incantations, software setups and a million "standards" will always make programming look "hard" and daunting, even for those who have an interest in logic problems, but not have an interest on babysitting a computer.
"Is programming hard or not? Current evidence is not compelling nor diverse enough to answer this question in general."
Might as well read a shampoo ingredients list.
The repeatition and wording is also like trying to pad or stretch a homework essay to fit the required minimum length.