One time a raider broke into my animal pen and started attacking my animals, but got shot down by a turret before they could cause any lasting damage. I didn't pay it any mind, but that raider had brought in a good chunk of Yayo (the game's cocaine analogue) that had scattered around in the pen when he died. By morning I had a herd of inebriated megasloths hunting down my colonists en-masse.

Yeah, I've definitely accidentally created packs of booze hounds that way. Definitely a head-scratcher before you get what's going on.

In reality, the beer might have killed the dogs, since the hops in the beer is toxic to dogs.

Hops outside of beer is toxic to dogs, it causes malignant hyperthermia. It's a problem for brewers who leave their hops where the dog can get at them (usually spent hops in the trash or a compost heap).

Beer brewed from hops doesn't cause hyperthermia, it's harmful to dogs because they experience the same effects of ethanol poisoning that humans do (e.g. cirrhosis), at much smaller doses.