>By that logic my iPhone 11, my Android phone, my Mac or my Windows PC doesn't wipe personal content either after factory reset

Your iPhone 11 zeroizes the cryptographic key used for the user data partition. It doesn't have to wipe it per se, but rather it renders it eternally inaccessible; then it creates a new key and sets up a new filesystem right over top of the old one (which now just has random data in the unallocated space).