This is a good but old article+paper that has some info on how neural networks are organized and how neurons work in the context of the physiology of the brain (information flow), the columns and layers play important but not well known functions in this: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2017.0008...

Funnily, I think AI is a potentially really good use for understanding neurology further. There is so much disparate research out there, from the neuron, to the network, to the brain itself, it would be interested to feed it all into GPT-3, both the research papers and a large compendium of imaging and firing maps, and then ask it to look for connections. I'd be ridiculously interested in working on that (time to get a phd?).