I’m willing to bet that the Apple anecdote is a bit exaggerated and that one minor mistake won’t get you banished forever. That said, Apple operates on a highly accountable empowered team model so I wouldn’t be surprised if a major mistake would have a major impact on your career. Remember that individual contributor product team members at Apple (and lots of FAANG-caliber companies) are founders or had more senior roles at other companies, so it’s not weird that they’re given a lot of responsibility and are highly accountable for outcomes.