Depends. Java's JIT can handle cases of dynamic dispatch better than C++ because of runtime information. However, C++ has the advantage of time. It can do more heavy optimizations because the time budget to do such opts is much longer than what the JIT has available to it. C++ compilers can be much more aggressive about things like inlining.

That said, yes, the runtime information provides really valuable information. That's why PGO is a thing for C++.